除了“九一八” 其实日寇还策动过“天津事变”
2017-07-01 15:05:02 来源：今日头条 点击：2232 复制链接
1931年，日本帝国主义策划了“九一八”事变，进而侵占了我国整个东北。但面对我国政府的申诉，国际舆论的谴责，“国际联盟”即将派出的李顿调查团的调查，日本为掩盖其侵略事实，抹黑我国政府形象，以向国际社会展示我国政局的“混乱”，同时还想趁机将寓居天津“静园”的清朝末代皇帝溥仪裹挟到东北，以成立伪“满洲国”，于是蓄意制造事端，策动了1931年11月的“天津事变”。
“天津事变”也叫天津便衣队暴乱，是由日本关东军特务头子土肥原贤二亲自策划，通过收买天津的兵痞、地痞、无赖和流氓，组成汉奸便衣队，在日军的配合下，指使这伙民族败类在天津发动暴乱。但暴乱被我国天津保安总队平定，从而避免了天津落入日伪之手，并在一定程度上打击了日寇嚣张的气焰。
日寇阴谋在天津制造事端
当时，天津是我国河北省省政府所在地，其省政府主席由东北军第二军军长王树常兼任，而天津市市长兼公安局局长则是“少帅”张学良的弟弟张学铭。虽然天津周围的塘沽、大沽、军粮城等地驻防有东北军，但因受前清与列强签订的《辛丑条约》的限制，东北军却不能在天津二十里内驻军。所以，天津的治安与保卫，主要由天津公安局所属的保安总队负责。
保安总队长王一民，是张学良和张学铭的同学和密友，他毕业于东北讲武堂第一期炮兵科，先后任东北军连、营、团长和参谋处长等职，后来，他以优异成绩从日本陆军步兵专门学校毕业后，原定就任东北军旅长，但在张学铭的一再请求下，才转任天津保安总队长。
王一民就任后，全力整顿保安总队，补充兵员和武器，强化军事训练和爱国教育，使保安总队的总兵力达到二千多人，并装备了步枪、手枪两千余支，迫击炮四门，重机枪四挺及其他一些武器，使之成为维护天津安定的核心军事力量。
1931年11月初，日本著名的特务头子土肥原贤二由沈阳秘密潜入天津，并与张璧(原北平警察总监)、李际春(即日本著名电影明星、歌星李香兰的中国义父)等汉奸密谋，以一天一元或几角钱的价格，招募了大约二千多人的兵痞、地痞、无赖和流氓，组成汉奸“便衣队”。这伙人在日租界“万国公寓”等处领取武器并接受训练后，准备在天津制造事端，实行暴动。
探得日寇阴谋，保安总队奋起迎战
但做事缜密的土肥原贤二没有想到，他刚到天津，就被我国天津军政当局和民间报馆所发现。天津《益世报》11月3日报道：土肥原已于2日自沈阳秘抵天津，居住于常盘旅馆。4日，该报又证实，土肥原已达天津数天，其行踪诡秘。而保安总队长王一民则安排卧底，早已秘密潜伏于汉奸张璧和李际春身边，同时还派出人员严密监视土肥原等人的行踪，所以土肥原的阴谋早已被王树常、张学铭和王一民等人掌握。
为了防备日寇制造事端，王树常命令东北军第二军做好保卫天津的准备，以阻止日军增援部队由塘沽登陆。同时，他召开省市军政警联席会议，命保安队发足枪弹，严加戒备。而张学铭则命令公安局以“外交紧张”、“地方不靖”为由，宣布自11月1日起，提前施行“冬防”。
11月8日夜10时半，二千多人的汉奸便衣队，在土肥原和张璧、李际春的指挥下，分兵三路，到处放枪，从天津日本租界海光寺冲出，进攻河北省政府、天津市政府和公安局等处，第一次“天津事变”爆发。
但经过激烈交火，严阵以待的保安总队击溃了汉奸便衣队。仅此一夜，就毙伤敌人五十多人(含日军曹长宫本和日军士兵二人)，俘虏汉奸便衣队人员一百多人，并缴获众多日军三八式步枪及印有“大正十五年制”字样手榴弹、山炮榴霰弹和其他军火。王树常随即悬赏捉拿张璧、李际春等汉奸，价码为：生擒者每人三千元，击毙者赏一千五百元。
9日凌晨，日寇见战况不利，便威胁王树常和张学铭等人，要求立即停火。但不久，日军及汉奸便衣队却在多辆铁甲车和炮火的支援下，再次发动进攻。保安总队的官兵英勇奋战，在此次及日后的多次艰苦战斗中，击退了日军和便衣队疯狂进攻，毙伤、俘虏汉奸便衣队人员六百多人。之后，日寇只好以谈判为幌子，指挥便衣队零星出击，扰乱天津治安，直至20日，第一次“天津事变”被保安总队平定。
11月26日晚，日寇再次出动坦克和装甲车，纠集日军和汉奸便衣队二千多人，发动了第二次“天津事变”，但在保安总队严防死守的打击下，第二天就以失败告终。
经过近一个月的战斗，保安总队最终挫败日寇的阴谋，消灭了汉奸了便衣队，稳定了天津社会秩序，取得了重大军事胜利。天津《大公报》称赞天津保安队和警察说：“自事变后，警察保安队对暴徒防御制止，备著辛劳，保全地方，卓著功绩”。
张学铭和王一民也因此获得了国民政府的勋章。但王一民临近分娩的妻子，却在平定暴乱时，因担心其丈夫的安危，在枪炮声中难产而死。
天津事变的尾声及影响
在平定天津汉奸便衣队暴乱时，王树常曾召集各国记者，现场出示了相关证据，揭露了日寇“给中国抹黑”的阴谋。而被我保安总队抓获的四个化装日本宪兵，则承认了他们的间谍行为。但日军代表竟然无耻地说：“穿衣服有他的自由”，要求释放他们。另外，天津日本驻屯军司令香椎浩平，对保安总队缴获的日制武器，抓获的日军俘虏置若罔闻，竟然贼喊捉贼地警告说：暴乱“实已危及日本租界侨民生命之安全”，要求我天津保安总队和警察自动后撤300米。否则，日军“将采取自由的行动”。
王树常为了防止事态扩大，虽然驳斥了日寇的谬论，但最终还是忍辱负重，答应了日寇的要求。但没有想到，日寇得寸进尺，增兵天津，以武力恫吓，要求我保安总队全部撤出天津。而国民政府在日寇的压力下，竟然接受了这样无理的要求，于11月29日命令保安总队全部撤出天津前往河北。
虽然日寇制造“天津事变”，抹黑我国的图谋失败了，但却成功地趁乱带走了清朝末帝溥仪，并于1932年3月成立了伪“满洲国”。“天津事变”后不久，王树常改任平津卫戍司令，张学铭被迫辞去天津市长职务出国考察，而王一民则接任天津市长。此后，日寇又先后在上海策划了“一二八事变”，在华北策划了“华北事变”……等众多阴谋，直至其策划了1937年7月的“卢沟桥事变”，最终挑起了全面侵华战争，我国由此进入到全民族的全面抗战时期。
作者：宋乃成
责任编辑：李时英 最后更新：2022-12-24 10:42:16
Besides the September 18th Incident, the Japanese invaders also orchestrated the Tianjin Incident. (
July 1, 2017, 15:05:02, Source: Toutiao, Views: 2232 , Copy Link)
In 1931, Japanese imperialism orchestrated the Mukden Incident (September 18 Incident), subsequently occupying the entire Northeast of my country. Faced with the Chinese government's appeals, international condemnation, and the impending investigation by the Lytton Commission of the League of Nations, Japan, in an attempt to cover up its aggression, smear the image of the Chinese government, and project an image of political chaos to the international community, while also seeking to abduct Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty residing in Jingyuan, Tianjin, to the Northeast to establish the puppet state of Manchukuo, deliberately created an incident, instigating the Tianjin Incident in November 1931.
The "Tianjin Incident," also known as the Tianjin Plainclothes Riot, was personally planned by Kenji Doihara, the head of the Japanese Kwantung Army's intelligence service. He recruited local thugs, ruffians, and hooligans to form a traitorous plainclothes team, which, with the cooperation of the Japanese army, instigated this group of national traitors to launch a riot in Tianjin. However, the riot was quelled by the Tianjin Security Forces of my country, thus preventing Tianjin from falling into the hands of the Japanese puppet regime and, to some extent, curbing the arrogance of the Japanese invaders.
The Japanese invaders plotted to create trouble in Tianjin.
At that time, Tianjin was the seat of the Hebei Provincial Government, whose chairman was concurrently held by Wang Shuchang, commander of the Second Army of the Northeast Army. The mayor and police chief of Tianjin was Zhang Xueming, the younger brother of the "Young Marshal" Zhang Xueliang. Although the Northeast Army was stationed in surrounding areas such as Tanggu, Dagu, and Junliangcheng, the Boxer Protocol, signed between the Qing Dynasty and the foreign powers, prohibited the Northeast Army from stationing troops within 20 li (approximately 10 kilometers) of Tianjin. Therefore, the security and defense of Tianjin were primarily the responsibility of the Security Corps under the Tianjin Public Security Bureau.
Wang Yimin, the head of the security force, was a classmate and close friend of Zhang Xueliang and Zhang Xueming. He graduated from the first class of the artillery department of the Northeast Military Academy and served successively as a company, battalion, and regimental commander and chief of staff in the Northeast Army. Later, after graduating with excellent grades from the Japanese Army Infantry Special School, he was originally scheduled to become a brigade commander in the Northeast Army, but at Zhang Xueming's repeated request, he was transferred to the position of head of the Tianjin Security Force.
After taking office, Wang Yimin devoted himself to reorganizing the Security Corps, replenishing its personnel and weapons, and strengthening military training and patriotic education. The total strength of the Security Corps reached more than 2,000 men, and it was equipped with more than 2,000 rifles and pistols, four mortars, four heavy machine guns and other weapons, making it the core military force for maintaining the stability of Tianjin.
In early November 1931, Kenji Doihara, a notorious Japanese intelligence chief, secretly infiltrated Tianjin from Shenyang. There, he conspired with traitors such as Zhang Bi (former police chief of Beiping) and Li Jichun (the Chinese adoptive father of the famous Japanese film star and singer Li Xianglan). They recruited approximately two thousand thugs, ruffians, hooligans, and hooligans for a few cents a day, forming a traitorous "plainclothes squad." After receiving weapons and training at places like the "International Apartment" in the Japanese concession, this group prepared to create trouble and launch an uprising in Tianjin.
Discovering the Japanese invaders' plot, the Security Brigade rose up to fight back.
However, the meticulous Kenji Doihara did not expect that his arrival in Tianjin would be discovered by the Tianjin military and political authorities and civilian newspapers. The Tianjin-based *Yishi Daily* reported on November 3rd that Doihara had secretly arrived in Tianjin from Shenyang on the 2nd and was staying at the Tokiwa Hotel. On the 4th, the newspaper confirmed that Doihara had been in Tianjin for several days, his movements shrouded in secrecy. Meanwhile, Wang Yimin, the head of the security forces, had already secretly placed undercover agents among the traitors Zhang Bi and Li Jichun, and also dispatched personnel to closely monitor Doihara and his associates. Therefore, Doihara's plot had already been uncovered by Wang Shuchang, Zhang Xueming, and Wang Yimin.
To guard against potential incidents by the Japanese invaders, Wang Shuchang ordered the Second Army of the Northeast Army to prepare for the defense of Tianjin, in order to prevent Japanese reinforcements from landing at Tanggu. At the same time, he convened a joint meeting of provincial and municipal military, political, and police forces, ordering the security teams to be fully armed and on high alert. Meanwhile, Zhang Xueming ordered the Public Security Bureau to announce, citing "diplomatic tensions" and "local unrest," that "winter defense" be implemented ahead of schedule, effective November 1st.
At 10:30 p.m. on November 8, a 2,000-strong collaborator plainclothes team, under the command of Doihara, Zhang Bi, and Li Jichun, split into three groups and opened fire everywhere. They rushed out from Haiguang Temple in the Japanese concession of Tianjin and attacked the Hebei Provincial Government, the Tianjin Municipal Government, and the Public Security Bureau, thus triggering the first "Tianjin Incident".
After a fierce firefight, the well-prepared Security Brigade routed the traitorous plainclothes team. In just one night, they killed or wounded over fifty enemy soldiers (including Japanese Sergeant Miyamoto and two Japanese soldiers), captured over one hundred members of the traitorous plainclothes team, and seized numerous Type 38 rifles, hand grenades marked "Made in Taisho 15," mountain gun shrapnel shells, and other munitions. Wang Shuchang immediately offered a reward for the capture of traitors Zhang Bi and Li Jichun: three thousand yuan for each captured alive, and one thousand five hundred yuan for each killed.
In the early hours of the 9th, seeing the unfavorable situation, the Japanese invaders threatened Wang Shuchang, Zhang Xueming, and others, demanding an immediate ceasefire. However, soon after, Japanese troops and their collaborators, supported by armored vehicles and artillery fire, launched another attack. The officers and soldiers of the Security Corps fought bravely, repelling the frenzied attacks of the Japanese troops and their collaborators in this and subsequent arduous battles, killing, wounding, and capturing over 600 collaborators. Afterwards, the Japanese invaders, under the guise of negotiations, directed their collaborators to launch sporadic attacks, disrupting public order in Tianjin, until the 20th, when the first "Tianjin Incident" was quelled by the Security Corps.
On the evening of November 26, the Japanese invaders once again dispatched tanks and armored vehicles, gathering more than 2,000 Japanese soldiers and plainclothes traitors to launch the second "Tianjin Incident." However, under the strong defense and attack of the Security Corps, the incident ended in failure the next day.
After nearly a month of fighting, the Tianjin Security Corps finally thwarted the Japanese invaders' plot, eliminated the traitorous plainclothes team, stabilized social order in Tianjin, and achieved a major military victory. The Tianjin-based *Ta Kung Pao* praised the Tianjin Security Corps and police, saying, "Since the incident, the police and security corps have worked tirelessly to defend against and suppress the rioters, protecting the local area and achieving remarkable feats."
Zhang Xueming and Wang Yimin were awarded medals by the Nationalist government for this. However, Wang Yimin's wife, who was about to give birth, died in childbirth amidst gunfire while suppressing the riots, fearing for her husband's safety.
The end and impact of the Tianjin Incident
During the suppression of the Tianjin riots by plainclothes collaborators, Wang Shuchang convened journalists from various countries, presenting evidence on-site to expose the Japanese invaders' conspiracy to "smear China." The four disguised Japanese military police captured by our Security Corps confessed to their espionage activities. However, the Japanese military representative shamelessly stated, "He has the freedom to choose his clothes," and demanded their release. Furthermore, the commander of the Japanese garrison in Tianjin, Kashii Kohei, disregarded the Japanese-made weapons seized by the Security Corps and the captured Japanese prisoners, even resorting to the hypocritical act of crying "stop thief!" to warn that the riot "has seriously endangered the lives of Japanese residents in the concession," demanding that the Tianjin Security Corps and police voluntarily withdraw 300 meters. Otherwise, the Japanese army "will take action freely."
To prevent the situation from escalating, Wang Shuchang, despite refuting the Japanese invaders' fallacies, ultimately swallowed his pride and agreed to their demands. However, the Japanese, emboldened by this, reinforced their troops in Tianjin, using force to intimidate and demand the complete withdrawal of the Nationalist Security Corps. Under pressure from the Japanese, the Nationalist government surprisingly accepted this unreasonable demand, ordering the entire Security Corps to withdraw from Tianjin to Hebei on November 29th.
Although the Japanese invaders' attempt to smear my country through the "Tianjin Incident" failed, they successfully took advantage of the chaos to abduct Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and established the puppet state of "Manchukuo" in March 1932. Shortly after the Tianjin Incident, Wang Shuchang was reassigned as the commander of the Beijing-Tianjin garrison, Zhang Xueming was forced to resign as mayor of Tianjin to go abroad for inspection, and Wang Yimin succeeded him as mayor. Subsequently, the Japanese invaders orchestrated numerous conspiracies, including the "January 28 Incident" in Shanghai and the "North China Incident" in North China, culminating in the "Marco Polo Bridge Incident" in July 1937, which ultimately triggered a full-scale invasion of my country, plunging the country into the period of total national resistance against Japan.
Author: Song Naicheng
Editor: Li Shiying Last Updated: 2022-12-24 10:42:16
Wang Yimin and the Tianjin Incident
Japanese aggression invaded China. In 1931, the "September 18th" Incident was launched in Shenyang. On November 8th, 50 days later, the “Penal Trouble Trouble” was planned in Tianjin, and the history was called “Tianjin Incident”. During the "Tianjin Incident", the Chinese army that suppressed the riots of the Japanese plainclothes team was the Tianjin Security Corps, and its captain was Wang Yimin. He was the deputy commander of the Tianjin Security Command and the Tianjin Martyrdom Command. The commander of the Tianjin Martyr Command was Zhang Xueming, the mayor of Tianjin and the director of the Municipal Public Security Bureau.
Wang Yimin was born in Liaoning in 1898, Manchu. After graduating from high school, he was admitted to the first artillery department of the Northeast Wushu Temple in 1919. He was a classmate with Zhang Xueliang. After graduation, he was assigned to the Northeast Army. He served as company commander, battalion commander, head of the team, chief of operations, chief of staff, etc. In 1928, he was selected by General Zhang Xueliang to the Japanese Army Infantry Specialized School for further study. Zhang Xueming, the younger brother of Zhang Xueliang, who went to study in Japan. Wang Yimin and his classmates have a very good relationship, especially with his second brother, Zhang Xueming. After Wang Yimin returned to China, he was originally assigned to the brigade of the Binbei area in the northeast. Later, due to repeated requests from Zhang Xueming, he was transferred to Tianjin as the head of the security team. To this end, Zhang Xueming once said to his eldest brother Zhang Xueliang: "You don't adjust Wang Yimin to Tianjin as the security commander. When I am my assistant, I will not be the director of the Tianjin Public Security Bureau." Because the Pingjin and the two cities are very important to Zhang Xueliang, it is 30. In the early years, Zhang Xueliang ruled the political and economic centers of the eight provinces and cities in the Northeast and North China.Tianjin, in particular, is the main source of Zhang Xueliang's fiscal and taxation. It is also the throat of the Northeast Army's entry and exit. When it is stationed in Tianjin, it is equal to holding North China and keeping the Northeast. Therefore, it must send its own person to serve as the head of Tianjin. The Northeast Army went out for the fourth time in early 1930, and Zhang Xueliang sent his second brother Zhang Xueming to the Tianjin Public Security Bureau. One year later, he was promoted to the mayor of Tianjin, but he was still the municipal public security bureau chief.
Zhang Xueming asked Wang Yimin to be the security chief of Tianjin. In addition to the friendship between them, he knew the talent and experience of Wang Yimin.Before he took up this position, Wang served in various military positions and repeatedly took troops to fight. This can make up for his own youngness and the shortcomings of being a city. In addition, when they were studying in Japan, Wang Yimin had excellent academic performance and the first place in the graduation examination. This is rare among Chinese students, so he has an admiration for Wang Yimin. In addition, Wang Yimin was loyal to Zhang Xueliang, serious in his work, dare to be responsible, and brave to take heavy burdens, so he was promoted every year.Wang Yimin often said: "I can't compare with the Zhang family. I am a poor boy. If I don't study hard, I don't work seriously, I am afraid of suffering, I am afraid of death, can I step up to today's status? I got the trust of Zhang Jia. I completely rectified the security team Wang Yimin’s second day of service, and convened all the officers and men of the security team to meet and meet with you. Unexpectedly, I informed the 8 o'clock meeting, and at 9 o'clock, I came to more than 100 people, only Half of the cadres on the roster, it was learned that about one-third of the officers and men were still asleep. Because the first night was not dancing in the ballroom, visiting the kiln, playing mahjong, pushing the cards, and not coming in the morning. The rest of the people just wrote a name on the roster. In fact, there was no such person at all. They were all "empty" by the officials at all levels of the corps. Can a unit like this take it out to fight? Later, after an in-depth investigation, Wang Yimin discovered: This security team was originally a police force left by Yang Yide, the police chief of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It was called defending Tianjin and maintaining public security. It was actually a group of people who oppressed the people and did nothing. The discipline within the team was abolished, the weapons were outdated, and only the ground was scraped and the soldiers were greeted. The soldiers did not go to the patrols, and they ran the blackmails for the people and did some things to steal the chickens and touch the dogs. Wang Yimin believed that: there were not many soldiers, they were strong in the strong. No matter how many, a regiment can't beat a company with a strong army. For this reason, Wang Yimin reported the impression of the first arrival to the security team to Director Zhang Xueming, and proposed a thorough rectification and strengthening. The security team's five suggestions:
1. All the security guards and soldiers on the books, from the captain, chief of staff, team leader, down to the soldiers, servicemen, and husbands, must pass the post assessment and testing, incompetent and drug abuse, old age, infirmity, illness and conduct. Unreasonable and seriously disturbing the people, resolutely remove the name.
2. The lack of the security team will be supplemented by the backbone of the Northeast Army, and the total strength of the team will gradually reach 3 groups.
3, the "empty amount" in the security team will be filled, and the bad habits of the old line will be removed. In the past, “empty money” was no longer pursued, and if there were recidivisms in the future, it would be severely punished.
4. Renew some old weapons, the ammunition base should be matched, and if necessary, equip some heavy weapons.
5. Strengthen military training and patriotic soil conservation education. In
order to strengthen the military training of the security team, Wang Yimin’s captain also personally served as the chief instructor of the security team at the beginning of his term of office, and recruited from the recent graduates of the Japanese Army Sergeant School and the Northeast Graduated Wutang. The outstanding ones are instructors. Among the four young instructors who have been recruited, Huang Guannan is selected as the chief instructor, Sun Mingjiu, Jieruchuan and Jia Guofu are the instructors. The four young instructors later became revolutionary materials, and Sun Mingjiu served as the general of Zhang Xueliang in 1936. The battalion commander was ordered to capture Chiang Kai-shek in Huaqingchi during the Xi'an Incident and became a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference after liberation. Jia Guofu (Jia Tao) served as deputy commander of the Chinese People's Liberation Army artillery and dean of the Artillery Academy after the national liberation; Xie Ruchuan (Xie Fang) served as the Chinese people The Chief of Staff of the Volunteer Army Command and the Deputy Director of the Training Department of the Military Commission; Huang Guannan later participated in the Anti-Japanese War. Any head and other staff.
Strengthen the Japanese concession intelligence work. Wang Yimin, while vigorously rectify security team, he found a group the size of a traitor in activity at the date of the concession, such as Lee Ji-Chun, Zhang Bi, Yuan Wen will wait while famous Chinese Tong Japan’s Kwantung Army’s special agent, Toshihara [DOIHARA] Kenji, also rushed from the northeast to Tianjin to conduct secret activities. According to intelligence, Xing Ai Xinjue Luo Puyi, who has lived in Tianjin’s Japanese concession for many years, has not been safe in recent days. What is the purpose of traitors, spies, sects, bandits, and hooligans? Is there any internal connection? According to Wang Yimin’s experience in Japan for many years, there is no good thing for Japanese to participate. Japan’s national policy is foreign aggression. The first to bear the brunt is China. The three northeastern provinces have been occupied by the Japanese, and North China and Tianjin are also imminent. In order to clarify the situation of Japanese and traitors, it is necessary to strengthen the intelligence work of the Japanese concession. Wang Yimin decided to set up a special task force within the security team from the entire team. And the police in the city, who are familiar with the situation of the Japanese concession, and who can get in touch with the Japanese and the traitors, are divided into several groups. They entered the Japanese concession and the inside of the enemy separately. For example, Li Jichun’s adjutant, Zhang Wei’s staff, all of whom were sent by the security team. Because of this, before the Japanese plainclothes riots, they were well aware of all their activities. The head of the army, Yuji Kenji, went to Tianjin this time. The main task was to deceive, threaten and hold the Emperor Ai Xinjue Luo Puyi to the northeast to serve as the emperor of the Manchurian state. The second was to give a command to the Tianjin Japanese troops in the army. ideas, planning riots Tianjin undercover team in an attempt to Chinese people to fight Chinese people to overthrow the Tianjin local government, the establishment of the puppet regime. this will not only interfere with the rule of Zhang Xueliang in the north, but also with the aggressive activities of the Kwantung Army in Northeast China.
in order to implement aggressive plans Yu Fei, the native of the country, introduced his Chinese “brothers” Li Jichun (the famous Japanese movie star, the Chinese singer of the singer Li Xianglan) and Zhang Wei (formerly the police chief of Beiping) to the commander of the Tianjin Army in Tianjin, Lieutenant General Xiang, to serve as Tianjin. The regular and deputy commander of the plainclothes team is ready to succeed in the riots, Li Jichun is the chairman of Hebei Province, and Zhang Wei is the special mayor of Tianjin. And the chief of public security. Li Jichun and Zhang Wei’s riot headquarters are located at No. 28, 2nd Floor, Wanguo Apartment, Japan Concession. In order to facilitate the command of the war, the Japanese also agreed to set up a five-point office of the plainclothes team commander, including the deputy, staff, secretary, military, and military. There are a number of detachments under the commander. There are several to 10 detachments under the detachment. There are 8 to 12 sheds under the detachment. Each shed has 1 leader and 10 soldiers. A total of more than 2,000 people were recruited. Weapons and ammunition are all distributed by the Japanese, mostly rifles and pistols. Each team is only equipped with 2 to 3 light machine guns; heavy machine guns and chasing guns used in riots are all controlled by the Japanese. In addition, there are more than 10 tanks and armored vehicles for the charge. The plainclothes team headquarters, detachment, and detachment all have Japanese consultants, and the size of the matter is dominated by Japanese consultants. The commander, the detachment leader, and the captain were only executed in accordance with the instructions of the Japanese consultant.
The plainclothes team usually trains, and each person is given a subsidy of 4, 6 and 1 yuan per day. When the riots occur, they increase to $1 to $50 a day. The money is all made by the Japanese. Most of the military training was usually carried out at the Haiguang Temple military camp in Japan. Later, many people went on the Japanese school playground and the road. The instructors are all Japanese officers and Japanese soldiers in the township (demobilized soldiers). Training subjects, first hand training, followed by guns, bombs, night battles, street fighting training. The recruited junior officers and soldiers have been training for 3 months, and the time is short. Only a few days, most of them are soldiers and squadrons. In the past, they played a battle and had some fighting power. In addition, the 6,000-day overseas Chinese in the Japanese concession community were all organized. More than 1,000 volunteers from the township formed a volunteer team to help the Japanese army train the plainclothes team, build fortifications, and participate in the battle against the Chinese region when necessary to become a reserve force for the Japanese army. Women set up ambulance teams to rescue the wounded. Every household is informed of the storage of food, vegetables and essential consumer goods.
Determined to eliminate the plainclothes team.
One month after the Japanese imperialists launched the "September 18th" Incident, General Zhang Xueliang, the Tianjin Mayor and Public Security Director Zhang Xueming, who is in charge of Tianjin's local public security, and the Tianjin Security Chief of the Army, Wang Yimin, called Beiping to listen to their security against Tianjin. Report on the situation and the activities of the Japanese army. Wang Yimin first reported the social security of Tianjin, the activities of the Japanese and plainclothes teams, and the rectification and preparations of the Tianjin security team. After the Japanese imperialists launched the "September 18th" Incident in Shenyang, the second target of aggression was Tianjin. . The reasons are as follows: 1. Tianjin is the gateway to the Northeast, and the first big city to exit is Tianjin. It is also a sea-land transportation hub and a battleground for military strategists; 2. Tianjin is the largest industrial and commercial city in northern China, a distribution center for financial resources and materials in North China, and a base for military logistics supply. 3. Tianjin is the rear base of the Northeast Army in Guanzhong. It is the political and economic center that Zhang Xueliang ruled in North China. If the Japanese army occupied Tianjin, it would inevitably shock and shake Zhang Xueliang’s rule over North China, which will inevitably affect the support of the Northeast.
What method will the Japanese army use to invade Tianjin? Wang Yimin analyzes: From the current point of view, the Japanese army cannot take the old road of direct dispatch and occupation in the "September 18th" Incident. First, the strength of the troops is insufficient. Several divisions in the three northeastern provinces are being stubbornly resisted by the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers. At present, the Japanese army is transferring two divisions from the three divisions occupying North Korea to the northeast. The Japanese reserve team has not yet fully mobilized.Second, the "National League" is in a meeting and is preparing to send a investigation team to inspect the Northeast. If Tianjin is also directly occupied by Japanese troops, it will increase the condemnation of Japan by various governments.Third, the Japanese troops in North China and Tianjin have trained and attracted many Chinese people, including China’s former military and political leaders. They are willing to serve the Japanese and act as traitors. Tianjin’s Li Jichun, Zhang Wei and his plainclothes team are among them. According to the above three points, the Japanese army is most likely to adopt the Huazhihua approach, using the recruited and trained Chinese traitor plainclothes team as the leader and main body, based on the Japanese concession, and the Japanese stationed army as the backing, Tianjin Attacks and harassment in China, creating riots and attempting to occupy Tianjin. According to internal news from Li Jichun and Zhang Wei's headquarters: There are three main points in their attack: the first target is the Public Security Bureau, which is the headquarters of the Security Corps; the second and third targets are the provincial and municipal governments. If these three places are occupied, it will overthrow the Tianjin local government and occupy all of Tianjin. In addition, the Japanese army also predicted that the Chinese garrison on the outskirts of Tianjin would not enter the city to assist the security team in the fighting, because the "Xin Chou Treaty" provided them with protection. If the Chinese government dispatches Chinese troops to Tianjin to fight against Japan, it will give the Japanese seize the excuse, and even send a large army to invade China. The Japanese estimate that their main obstacle and opponent in Tianjin is the Tianjin Security Corps. They originally expected that as long as they recruited more than 1,000 people's plainclothes teams and trained them, it would be no problem to defeat the Tianjin Security Corps. Later, the Japanese learned that the Tianjin Security Corps was no longer the former security corps. Under the leadership of Director Zhang, after a year of rectification and training, the combat effectiveness was greatly enhanced. To this end, the Japanese recruited more than 1,000 people, thinking that the 2,000-person plainclothes team repelled the security team is no problem.
Zhang Xueliang thinks that Wang Yimin's analysis is very reasonable. He said, "The Japanese are right. If they fight, there is a "Xin Chou Treaty", and the Chinese army cannot enter the city. The commander-in-chief will never agree. I am the deputy commander and can only obey the commander-in-chief. If it is only the security team to fight, it is a security issue, it is to suppress the riots of the Japanese plainclothes team, not the Sino-Japanese military. The problem depends on you, if you are sure If the Japanese soldiers repel and can eliminate the plainclothes team, I will agree to you; otherwise, if it fails, it is better not to fight." Wang Yimin said with confidence: "I have the confidence and confidence to repel the Japanese and eliminate the plainclothes team. Zhang Xueliang also asked Zhang Xueming's opinion. Zhang Xueming said: "I agree with the views of a people. Before we came to Beiping, we conducted research. Only by playing, it is the way out; if there is no fight, there is no future." After repeated consideration, Zhang Xueliang finally agreed to Zhang Xueming and Wang Yimin's operational plan. He said: But there is one, it must be the Japanese to get started, we can fight back. We must not do it first. Before leaving, General Zhang Xueliang greeted his second brother affectionately: "Xue Ming, your courage is good. But you are still young and lack practical experience. In the military, relying on a people, he has a fighting experience, politically Negotiations with the same day, Wang Shuchang often studied. Major issues, report to me at any time. After
Wang Yimin and Zhang Xueming returned from Tianjin to Tianjin, they paid more attention to the dynamics of the Japanese concession. Strengthen the training of the security team, especially the night battle and street fighting training. The Japanese army is also sharpening the knife. It has set up roadblocks, erected power grids, manufacturing fortifications around the Japanese concession, inspections of pedestrians and vehicles, and observation whistle on the top of the Central Plains (now department store) and Dongyue Building. Aiming at the provincial and municipal governments and other places. A few days before the Tianjin Incident, the Japanese ship “Tianlongwan” drove into the Tianjin terminal and unloaded dozens of tons of weapons and ammunition for use in the riots. These signs indicate that the Japanese launched the attack. It will not be too long, it is imminent. On the morning of November 8, 1931, the captain of Wang Yimin suddenly received an urgent report from the third captain Li Yinpo: around 10 o'clock that night, Ji Chun and Zhang Wei commanded more than 2,000 plainclothes teams. Under the supervision of the Japanese army, they will attack the Chinese urban areas in three ways. The first route is to attack the two sides of the coastal river from the south to the north. The target is the command of the security headquarters of the west of Jintang Bridge. The Municipal Public Security Bureau; the second road is through the Nanshi, Dongma Road, Jingang Bridge, the target is the provincial government; the third road starts from the Haiguang Temple Japanese Barracks, promotes to Nankai and Nanshi City, attempts to occupy the public security bureaus and Police police station. In view of the urgent changes in the situation, Wang Yimin ordered all security brigades, squadrons, public security bureaus and police stations to enter the state of alert, and no one should leave the post; on the other hand, report to Zhang Xueming. On the day when Zhang Xue had a wedding, it was ulterior for the Japanese to choose this day. Because of this day, the military and military officials in Tianjin had to attend the wedding of Zhang Xuezeng, and Wang Yimin was no exception, which could give the Japanese army a chance.
Zhang Xueming asked Whether Wang Yimin postponed Zhang Xuezeng’s wedding. Wang Yimin said: “No. We are using the three brothers to marry the Japanese and do the same day. They thought that our commanders were all attending the wedding, and the dragons had no head. We will count on it. I use life to guarantee, but also to repel the enemy who dares to invade. As the third captain Li Yinpo reported, at 12:30 in the evening, the bell of the Japanese military camp Haiguang Temple rang, this is the signal of the attack. The plainclothes team ambushing at the intersection of the Japanese concession, under the supervision of the Japanese army, the bee Surging out of the Japanese concession and rushing to the target. The prepared security team relied on the temporary construction of the road to resist. After more than an hour of intense fighting, some defenses could not stand, especially the sea light. Temple, Guangkai Erma Road area. Then, part of the defense line in the Nanshi area was also attacked by the enemy, close to the gate of the command, due to the stubborn resistance of the first team of officers and soldiers, the Japanese army and the plainclothes team could not attack for a long time. The captain of the team, Wang Yimin, transferred some of the squadrons of the second brigade of the General Reserve of the Security Corps to the south and south of the city for reinforcements. The battle was carried out until 3:30 in the morning, except for the second police station in the second district near the Japanese concession. The gendarmerie has occupied the ranks of the Japanese army and the plainclothes team. The first night of the battle killed more than 50% of the enemy, including the Japanese army Cao Changgong and two Japanese soldiers. Krupp undercover team more than 100 people.
At 4:30 on November 9, Garrison Japan commander Kōhei Kashii fighting the Japanese side will see the negative, it is matter of great urgency to the Chinese side the highest executive authority, chairman of Hebei Province and Tianjin Long Wang Xueming often raised The two sides immediately ceased fire, (I am afraid that the security team will pursue the Japanese concession by victory) and demand that the Chinese military and police withdraw 300 meters from the edge of the Japanese concession before 6 o'clock. Lieutenant Lieutenant also threatened Wang Shuchang and Zhang Xueming: "The Japanese concession lives. There are more than 6,000 Japanese nationals. If the Chinese army attacks the Japanese concession and kills a Japanese national, the Japanese imperial government will never agree. In order to prevent the expansion of the incident, President Wang Shuchang and Mayor Zhang Xueming humiliated and pleaded, and ordered Chinese frontline commander Wang Yimin to cease fire immediately. However, when the Chinese security team just withdrew 300 meters from the front position, it was less than half an hour, the Japanese army and The plainclothes team attacked the attack for the second time at 6:30 on November 9. This time it was an attack on both sides of the East and West. The general commander of the Eastern Route Plains team, Li Jichun, directly directed the support of several armored vehicles and artillery in the Japanese army. Next, the west bank of the coastal river was attacked north by the gate. Wang Yimin, who had been fighting for one night, suddenly saw the Japanese armored vehicles rushing up, followed by hundreds of plainclothes teams and Japanese troops, while the security team defending the gates had only two squadrons. When the Japanese armored vehicles attacked, they attacked and retired. When Wang Yimin saw it, he hurriedly put all the officers and men who could be organized by the headquarters into the front line to participate in the blocking battle, and ordered: "No one is allowed to step back! People In the position, defending Tianjin with life. At this time, a shell fell on Wang Yimin's side. A staff member immediately suggested: "Please ask the captain to withdraw to the river." "Wang Yimin firmly said: "I am withdrawing from the position at this time, that is, I will die on the ground!"
The head of the team, Wang Yimin, organized the officers and men of the command post to resist, and used the telephone to order some officers and men of the southeast corner security brigade to fight east from the southeast corner and east road, and cut off the retreat of the Japanese and plainclothes teams to the Haihe River. This move was very effective, Li Jichun saw the security team copied from the West Bread, afraid to cut off the road, immediately ordered to withdraw. The attack of the plainclothes team was beaten back. Later, the Japanese and plainclothes teams launched attacks many times and were all repulsed. In the last two days, the security team captured more than 200 people in the plainclothes team, causing major trauma to the plainclothes team. Since then, the Japanese have changed their methods, disguising a part of the plainclothes team as ordinary people, and secretly transporting them to the Chinese residents' settlements to coordinate with the plainclothes team to carry out riots. In response, Hebei Provincial Chairman Wang Shuchang immediately ordered the establishment of the Tianjin martial law headquarters, appointed Tianjin Mayor and Public Security Director Zhang Xueming as the commander of martial law; appointed Tianjin Municipal Security Corps leader Wang Yimin as deputy commander of martial law; appointed Tianjin Special Second District Public Security Bureau Dong Zhifang is the chief of staff of the martial law headquarters. The offices of the headquarters of the headquarters, and the offices of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, are no longer set up separately. The martial law commander is responsible for the martial law in the whole city during the wartime, and conducts close inspections of pedestrians, vehicles, and vessels to prevent damage by the Japanese and plainclothes teams.
Due to the heroic battles of all the officers and men of the Tianjin Security Corps, the plainclothes team was repeatedly defeated, and more than 600 prisoners were wounded, defeating the conspiracy of the enemy, ensuring the life and property of the citizens of Tianjin, and gradually recovering the social security. The public enthusiastically praised all walks of life to organize condolences to the security team; Hebei Provincial Chairman Wang Shuchang also took out the ocean 3,000 yuan to reward the combatants. From mid-November, the Japanese army changed its strategy. Hard attack could not be done, and it was changed to a soft and hard combination. Military offensives could not be done. Instead, diplomatic negotiations were the mainstay, supplemented by military disturbances, talk about beatings, fight and talk, and hit today. I will play small tomorrow, play at night, stop during the day, and the plainclothes team will play less and less. On November 20th, the regular and deputy commanders of the plainclothes team, Li Jichun and Zhang Wei, are gone. The plainclothes team has only a thousand people left. Directly directed by the Japanese army. During this period, it was both exciting and painful for Wang Yimin. Although he stayed up late at night and commanded the security team to fight against the enemy, it was both hard and dangerous. However, due to the support of the people of the whole city, the security team’s 3000 officers and men’s joint efforts, after nearly a month of heroic fighting, finally slammed the plainclothes team. He repelled the Japanese army and forced the Japanese to not be too arrogant in the land of Tianjin. He was very pleased with this. The pain is that when Wang Yimin was fighting on the front line, his wife was approaching childbirth and died because of fear and dystocia. This is a pity. Later, Wang Yimin said: "There is no way, I can't have the best of both worlds. I can't ignore the lives and property of millions of people!"
Wang Yimin is very passionate about the motherland and loves the people. One day in mid-November, the head of Nankai Middle School suddenly appeared in the headquarters of the security guard of Jintang Qiaotou. Looking for the general commander Wang Yimin, he requested to send troops to escort more than 300 teachers and students from Nankai Middle School, which is in the war area, to rush out of the theater and transfer to a safe zone. At this time, the Sino-Japanese war was fierce. Both sides invested a lot of troops to fight. The strength of the squadron was even tight. The strength of a squadron could determine the outcome of the battle in this area. In this case, Wang Yimin had 300 teachers and students. Life is a priority, and the only squadron in the reserve team is ordered to escort the students and break out into the safe zone of Hebei. The Japanese are not willing to fail. At 8 o'clock on the evening of November 26, there were more than a thousand plainclothes teams, plus more than 400 Japanese soldiers and more than 1,000 Japanese volunteers in the barracks. There were more than 2,000 people in two lanes, with tanks, The armored vehicle was the leader, organizing the last big impact and big attack. The battle was fierce. Wang Yimin put all the reserve teams and the police capable of fighting into the battle and decided to fight the Japanese army. The two sides played a whole night. In the end, it ended with the victory of our army and the failure of the Japanese army. Nearly a thousand plainclothes teams died of death and injuries, and the rest were all broken up. Their backstage boss, the Japanese army, was also beaten and disarmed. After 27 days, although the Japanese army continued to provoke provocation, the larger-scale actions were gone. With the support of the people of the whole city, the Tianjin security team repelled the Japanese army's repeated attacks, suppressed the riots of the plainclothes team and achieved major military victories. Therefore, the Nanjing Central Government rewarded the meritorious personnel in the Tianjin Incident. The four-dimensional medal awarded to Tianjin Mayor and Public Security Director Zhang Xueming was awarded the four-dimensional medal of Tianjin Municipal Security Team Leader Wang Yimin. Military, civilians, and groups across the country have sent congratulatory messages and congratulations.Tianjin Ta Kung Pao published an editorial on November 17th, praising the Tianjin security team and the police: "After the incident, the police security team stopped the mob defense, prepared for hard work, preserved the place, and made outstanding achievements."
After this contest, the Japanese The lesson should be accepted, but the Japanese army, in order to obtain straw in politics, protested to the Chiang Kai-shek government through the Japanese ambassador to China. The thief shouted to catch the thief and reversed the right and wrong. Instead, the Tianjin security team, who dared to resist the Japanese, was guilty and corrupt and incompetent. The Chiang Kai-shek government was busy with the "revolutionary" Red Army in the southern provinces, and was deeply worried about the situation. So he accepted the unreasonable demands of the Japanese side to Zhang Xueliang. put pressure on. At this time, Zhang Xueliang was in the period of "all obeying the commander-in-chief of Chiang Kai-shek", and once again succumbed to Jiang's pressure, forcing Zhang Xueming, the mayor of Tianjin, who won the victory and won the medal, to resign; forcing the Tianjin Security Corps to win the victory in Tianjin, Hebei. province. This shows that the Japanese can save face. Zhang Xueming, the mayor of Tianjin and the public security chief who led the anti-Japanese war, was forced to resign. Under the pressure of Chiang Kai-shek, Zhang Xueliang appointed Zhou Longguang, who is full of diplomatic work, to take over as the mayor of Tianjin. Who is going to pick up the post of Tianjin Public Security Commissioner? Zhang Xueliang was unable to make a decision.So I asked Zhang Xueming for advice. Zhang Xueming said: "The most suitable candidate can only be Wang Yimin. Because I have the same anti-Japanese opinion. It is the same for him to replace me." So Zhang Xueliang appointed Wang Yimin as the director of Tianjin Public Security Bureau.
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